The Vikings Rise and Fall of the Norse Sea Kings by Poertner Rudolf Essay Example for Free

The Vikings Rise and Fall of the Norse Sea Kings by Poertner Rudolf Essay The book brings to life the vital, expanding Norse civilization that dominated the western world between 800 and 1100 A.D.   During the late 800s, Harald Fairhair was trying to unite Norway under his rule.   Before he came to power, chieftains ruled over different areas of what is now Norway.   There were many people who disagreed with Harald and many battles ensued where the chieftains lost.   Under Harald, chieftains had to give up their titles.   The forced unification of Norway threatened their hereditary rights and burdened them with taxes (Poertner 54).   People who would not stand for this fled Norway and settled on islands off the coast of Norway and invaded Norway.   The Vikings left Scandinavia as a result of a population growth and a general famine in Europe, farmland began to become scarce.   Hearing that Iceland had good land, the people left.   Although many parts of the island were not habitable due to volcanoes and ice fields, there were areas that had many attractive qualities.   These qualities made coming to Iceland an easy decision to a lot of people.   By 930 all the good land was occupied and the population of Iceland was about 30,000 (Poertner 55). This leads us to the settlement of Greenland.   After being banished from Norway, and then Iceland for murders he committed. Erik the Red decided to search for land in the west.   He had already heard stories of what would later be called Greenland so he knew it was out there.   He spent three years there and lived by hunting and fishing.   When he went back to Iceland he told everyone about the place he named Greenland which had good pasture land and good hunting. In the year 986 he and twenty-five shiploads of settlers set sail for Greenland.   Only fourteen ships arrived safely on Greenland due to storms at sea. Within a year or so after the settlers came to Greenland, the first known sighting of America was made by a European.   Bjarni Herjolfsson was sailing from Iceland to Greenland when he was blown off course, within sight of America.   He saw three places but did not stop anywhere until he got to Greenland.   Erik the Reds son, Leif Eriksson eventually bought Bjarnis ship and sailed in search of the land that Bjarni had seen.   The first place Leif stopped at was flat and stony.   He called Helluland. The second place he stopped at was a wooded area he called Markland.   The third place was the one place he stayed, calling it Vinland.   He was very pleased with it and told of a land where rivers overflowed with salmon, the grass did not wither in the frostless winter, and there was an enormous amount of timber, something that was lacking in both Greenland and Iceland.   After spending a winter in Vinland, Leif and his crew return to Greenland where they tell of their exploration loaded down with timber and grapes (Poertner 60). Leifs brother Thorvald made the next journey to Vinland with a crew of thirty.   He is the first European known to have met a native.   The explorers killed eight natives whose people later attack the explorers and Thorvald was killed in the attack.   The explorers left.   Thorfinn Karlsefni then went to Vinland with his wife, Gudrid,   and others, hoping to make a permanent settlement. That ended the settlements in Vinland.   The skirmishes with the natives may have made the Vikings feel threatened.   The settlements of Greenland also died out, but for many more reasons.   The Little Ice Age began and once fertile land turned to ice, and what soil that did not turn to ice eventually just gave out.   The cattle and crops began to waste away.   There was also competition with the Eskimos for marine game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For historian buffs this book is excellent and easy to follow.   The book was up to date for that time and I enjoyed the book very much.   The Author is Scandinavian or German and the book was translated into English. I tried to find information on the author but was unsuccessful in the time I had.   I recommend this book to any Viking or Norse buff.

Ten Important Factors of Googles Local Search Algorithm Essay

10 Important Factors of Google's Local Search Algorithm Different factors affect rankings on Google Maps. Based on my experiences with local costumers here are the top 10 most essential things to consider for your business. 1. Your business address. Your business location is important, if you want to get a rank for a certain city. A friend of mine ranks high on "richlandwa real estate" because that's where her address is, she is nowhere to be found for "Kennewick" or "Pasco" (the other major local cities) keywords. There is an exception: She ranks very for "West richlandwa real estate," for the reason that it's just a real estate agent with offices in West Richland (Tri-Star). 2. Business categories. I was hesitant at first in naming the most important factor between this and the next factor. However, I think it's something more important to your business if it is properly categorized rather than getting the right keyword in your company name. When I dug into the" san francisco bakery" 7-pack, all the seven companies categorized as a bakery. Other searches often give the same results. 3. Right keywords in your business name. watching for real estate keywords made me place this criteria. These days agents who prosper in this field have "real estate" attached to their name. In my opinion, LSRF's replies were a disgrace because many people focus on the spam area. There are many businesses that have keywords in their name. For example, I had lunch at Henry's Restaurant yesterday and I'm confident that this will help them get a better rank. 4. Quality of citation. According to David Mihm, local citations are the "new links." Google validates your business location, contact information and name through quotes. Meani... ...rder of a museum that shows up in results? Some of it is the distance, and others are on the relevance to the search. Some of it is the primary factor of the actual activities " Hence, let's look at my rank ten factors related to Google's terminology. Location or Distance: Two of my factors were included: your business address (1) and the nearness of the site (8). Others also fit: complete business profile, plays a role (5), because you must provide a location. Consistency of business data (6) will also define your location. Relevance:Business categories (2) and right keywords in your business name (3) and Specific traditional SEO factor (10) defines this area. Significance: From my list, it consist of quality of citation (4), ratings and reviews (7) and my maps and other user content data (9). All of this help in making a local company more prominent.

Annotated Bibliographies of Glacier Extinction Related Articles Essay

Al gore delivers this book the impinging global warming by combining the truths through presentation of scientific evidences from experts and helping the audience visualize the facts laid by science through pictures and other forms of visual presentations. Al Gore has been venturing with environmental issues, emphasizing the importance of preserving the environment. The article argues about the different ways of viewing the issue, either politically, scientifically and morally, which actually does not hinder people from different disciplines read it. The reading material wishes to convince readers to make some action regarding the inconvenient truth, which is the title of the book. Human race can be affected by these natural disruptions. Compared to other books, personal touch was added to the book by attaching personal opinions and anecdotes, relating his personal experiences being an advocate to the environment for a more effective and affective learning experience to the readers. 2. Jowit, Juliette. â€Å"Speed of Melting Glaciers’ destruction revealed†. The Observer January 2007:7. Academic Search Premier. Lexis Nexis. City University of New York Library, 9 October 2007 http://web. lexis-nexis. com/. Underlined with the statements of the article are factual evidences that strengthen the stand of the author. The article dwells much of its attention to the factual evidences of the effects of global warming but does not mention that much on its possible effects in humanity. The article, being short, provides a lot of important points that can be informative enough to satisfy the thirst for knowledge for those who seek information regarding the issue. Numerical figures put an intense effect on the reader that engages him to thinking that people should already make their actions to save the environment from a slow to fast approaching disruption of natural processes. The melting of ice that increases the sea level as a common notion was added with the fact that reflection of sun’s harmful rays is one of the important functionalities of glaciers. Presented here are a number of reference organizations that dedicated themselves on the study of glacial behavior that helps in making this article reliable. This article could actually deliver in an understandable sense the importance of the glaciers and how the humans consume them, knowingly or unknowingly, and how the nature is trying to get back what losses humans have caused. 3. Khalil, M. A. K. â€Å"Non—CO2 Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere†. Annual Review of Energy & the Environment 24. 1 (1999):645-662. Khalil, who focused the article only about greenhouse gases, emphasizes in the article that CO2 is not the sole greenhouse gas that is the reason for global warming. It has been pointed out that many industrial, agricultural and those that produce gases such as CH3, NO2 and CFCs can individually contribute to global warming insignificantly; but when all these combined and through time, the effect is magnified and becomes even more significant than CO2. The author suggests of the possible answers to avoid the additional hazard of these gases, that is the formulation of other gases (perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride, which are inert in the atmosphere) of the same application as the three mentioned. The extinction of glaciers was not touched by this article, but same problem is tackled which are of about the same impact to the environment. Also, the danger it might cause to forms of life was not mentioned. 4. Raper, Sarah C. B, and Braithwaite, Rojer J. â€Å"Low Sea Level Rise Projection from Mountain Glaciers Icecaps under Global Warming†. Nature 439 (2006): 311-313. The rise of sea level due to global warming was introduced in the article, which was then connected to greenhouse gas emissions, that would result in 0. 387-m rise on the 22nd century. Several factors are mentioned including thermal expansion, which contributes 0. 288-m rise, 0. 106-m rise as caused by melting of glaciers and ice caps, 0. 024-m rise as influenced by Greenland, and a fall of 0. 074 due to Antartica. A modeling technique was done to further improve the discussion which talks about the effects of melting, which has some corrections to avoid error. The melting of mountain glaciers and ice caps were differentiated and compared to other existing computations. Effects on the biosphere is not mentioned in the article. 5. United States. Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å"Coastal Zones and Sea Level Rise†. 9 October 2007 http://www. epa. gov/climatechange/effects/coastal/index. html. This paper is filled with scientific evidences referring to the coastal zones and the rise of the sea level related to the climate variability and changes. The article introduces the possible areas that can be affected by sea level rise, then tackled each area in relation to it and with each other in some sense. Subsiding coastal lands being the reason for sea level rise, where the extinction of glaciers is mentioned. Actually this is the only portion of the paper that mentions about glaciers, and the rest do not, but then everything connects with the rise of the sea level, but then it is not directly emphasized that the reason for all is the glacier’s extinction. The author’s knowledge makes interconnection among the plausible effects of sea level elevation, which is mainly due to the melting of glaciers. This article compared to the 2nd one is more scientifically supported, and is actually lengthier and more statistically played upon. The readers will be able to extract many things from this article.

Understanding Variations in Communication Related to Failure to Rescue - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1121 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/18 Category Analytics Essay Level High school Tags: Failure Essay Did you like this example? RESULTS We conducted 58 interviews from February through June 2017. Table 1 describes the number of interview subjects by care area and role. Direct care nursing refers to General Care, Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), and Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) nurses. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Understanding Variations in Communication Related to Failure to Rescue" essay for you Create order These nurses hold primary responsibility for their assigned patients care and are considered the first line at the bedside. Consultation services include Life Safety nurses and Respiratory Therapists (RT). Life Safety nurses are ACLS and PALS certified critical care RNs, who are the first tier of the hospitals Rapid Response Team (RRT). A Life Safety Consult may be initiated by a frontline nurse whereby a Life Safety nurse comes to the bedside for assessment and provides necessary critical care and referral to a higher level of care. At the physician level, house officers are comprised of interns and residents, designated by their post-graduate year (PGY). Recognition Table 2 provides representative examples of facilitators and barriers to recognition of patient deterioration or complication by clinician type. The primary concepts identified within the recognition domain include 1) use of existing technology to aid in recognition of decline, 2) importance of staff experience level, and 3) acting on clinical intuition alone without supporting physiologic data. The use of technology that aids in detection of patient deterioration was a common point of emphasis across clinicians. There was uniform agreement that these tools are helpful, but that they do not replace the importance of visual and physical assessment of patients. For example, PACU nurses commented on this socio-technical relationship, reflecting on both alarms being sensitive to alert when vital signs change and having nurses available with their eyes on the patients 24/7 to detect decline. Respondents cited the importance of staff experience level is for identifying important problems and knowing when to call for help. General care nurses specifically noted that the majority of staff on the floor are inexperienced†both nurses and house officers. An Attending Surgeon stated the barrier is that both the direct care nurse and the junior house officer are the team members with the least amount of experience, yet they are the keystone to early recognition. Some noted the importance of allowing new staff to have teachable moments, however, when issues of patient safety arise, experienced level staff have to intervene and escalate care accordingly. Clinical intuition is developed over years of experience and may not have traditional physiologic data that accompanies it. Clinicians cited difficulty in appropriately communicating development of a hunch or gut feeling of potential patient deterioration. For example, general care nurses reflected on hesitating to call when an issue first started to develop. They still felt the need to allow the issue to develop further before calling the surgeon or life safety team. Also, while junior house officers described having suspicions that their patient was not doing well, they deferred to the opinions of their senior resident, which may be delayed. Communication Process Table 3 provides representative examples of communication processes, such as handoffs and communication hierarchies that influence the rescue process. The primary concepts identified include 1) the availability of the primary and consulting services, 2) how well information was relayed and received in report, and 3) the involvement of staff during rounding. The ability of primary and consulting services to connect with the direct care nurse was consistently described as a key barrier to early detection of deterioration. For example, general care nurses reported the unavailability of consultation and specialty services to meet face to face to discuss individual patients would often leave the nurse to communicate crucial information in an unstructured, ad-hoc manner. Nuances of patient concerns across providers could be lost in these circumstances. The quality of information exchange during routine patient handoffs or discussions relied on three factors: 1) the clinician relaying the information, 2) the clarity of expectations or orders, and 3) the platform used to communicate. For example, nurses and RTs cited the need for physician to physician communication regarding escalation of care. Recommendations for escalation from nurses and RTs were taken into consideration, but not necessarily acted upon immediately. Also, more precise and clear instructions from physicians on postoperative care pathways proved invaluable to managing patients and detecting early deviation from the expected course. Finally, physicians and others cited verbal communication via telephone or in-person as key to effective communication of concerns or plans. Many respondents also noted the importance of shared rounding and the presence of frontline staff to effective communication. For example, house officers and SICU nurses described rounds as a time for discussion and interdisciplinary contributions to the care plan. In particular, they noted the tension between both the immense value and logistic difficulty in interdisciplinary rounds for complex patients. Specifically nurses felt this poorly coordinated communication process may result in potential missed opportunities for early detection. Communication Accessibility Table 4 provides representative examples of the timely accessibility of appropriate clinicians involved in a patients care. The primary concepts identified include 1) ability to contact the patients primary decision-making clinician, 2) day of week and shift related staff availability, and 3) response times based on the position of who calls. Clinicians reported barriers in the ability to contact the appropriate clinician responsible for decision making in a timely and efficient manner. General care and PACU nurses expressed that while access to urgent or emergent services like Life Safety or rapid response teams were excellent, the accessibility of the surgical provider or team often delayed care. Determination of the primary team by frontline clinicians was not always clear and resulted in frustration and delay. For example, if all interns were in the operating room, the general care nurses could not determine who the covering provider was. This seemingly routine step in communication was also highlighted by attending surgeons who found similar barriers in contacting consulting services. A distinct and important factor in accessibility of providers was the day of week and shift. Uniformly, clinicians reported barriers to accessing staff and resources on weekends and during the night shift. Even in high acuity setting such as the SICU, nurses reported ease in getting a hold of a staff member on a week day or during the day shift, but significant difficulty on nights and weekends. House officers reported needing to alter their practices and adapt to having fewer people and resources during these off hours and days. When contacting clinicians, response times varied according to the perceived positional status of the caller. Some staff reported that all concerns were not weighted equally when expressed by general care nurses versus PACU or Life Safety nurses. For example, PACU and Life Safety nurses reported receiving more respect from other staff solely based on their title. Interns and residents responded to Life Safety nurses with urgency, ensuring they were readily available by pager and responsive at the bedside.