Foundation of Western Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foundation of Western Civilization - Essay Example The earlier Greeks could come up with a question about the nature of the world and look for an answer that was entirely independent on the supernatural powers this set the pace for the then intellectual revolution. They question the origin of the world and by so doing ignited what is now science and also ignited philosophy. The great leadership with morals in the west had foundation in the people of antique, in those early days the Hebrews introduced some ideas, their god was very powerful and could destroy whenever he wants however he was open to persuasion and subject to good morals he will however destroy those who stray from the moral standard within the society. This was borrowed to today with leaders always having to pass the moral test if they have to be elected. The Jewish religion had also impact on the west. Their God was neither superhuman nor like human beings but of high stature in comparison to human beings. They brought in righteousness into western culture, they believed that god is a righteous god and he is just and fair to forgive, if one repents the sins he will be forgiven. The prophets tell people to be righteous so that they can be saved from the punishment from God. This Jews religion and tradition brought morality to the west that is still the mode up to today. These believe in Gods power and righteousness is still part of the western culture and heritage. In Jews religion we are the children of God and this brought a different view of mankind as being children of God. The Greeks started thinking and not attributing everything to gods, they start curing diseases and reasoned that they were caused by natural causes and not curses or being from gods. From that foundation research and development in medical fields kicked off. The Greeks became to say that laws are made by humans and not from gods they start to make laws that helped control human beings and keep them within the

Position Paper Outline & References Page due Essay Example for Free

Position Paper Outline References Page due Essay After you have read your assigned reading for this week, choose a topic that has at least two clear points of view that can each be defended in an academic and verifiable manner. It is best to check with your professor to make sure your topic is appropriate. Once you have decided on your topic and the point of view you want to build upon, write an outline for your position essay. While the final draft of this paper is not due until the end of Week 8, you will submit an outline and references page to your professor this week. Please note that you will also be required to submit a draft to your professor in Week 6 and to our peer review in Week 7. Refer to this weeks lecture for detailed requirements and guidelines on how to write an outline for a position essay. Successful Outline Requirements: Follow the sample format in this week’s lecture to create an outline appropriate in scope for a 5-page persuasive paper (in addition to the title page and reference page) with no less than 3 academic sources included. NOTE: please avoid topics that are focused on religious, moral, or overly emotional debates. You must clearly state your topic (which should be debatable in nature), draft an introduction paragraph, with a complete and persuasive thesis statement, and outline three main points that you will discuss in your paper, followed by two sub-points for each main point. Remember to include both viewpoints/sides of the topic. A possible conclusion paragraph should also be drafted. Outlines should not exceed one page, unless discussed and approved with your professor. Provide APA references for three academic sources that you plan to use to support your position. Be typed and submitted as a Microsoft Word 2010 document (.docx), double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font After reading â€Å"TV Watching: The Top Environmental Hazard for Children† by Todd Huffman, note your initial reactions to the essay. In one paragraph, record your strongest reaction to the essay and explain why you think you may have reacted that way. From what perspective are you reacting, that of a parent or that of a child? What factors outside of the essay might have influenced your reaction? Your assignment this week is to write a draft of your rhetorical analysis. First, read this weeks lecture. Then go to the search engine of your choice and search for this phrase: vintage ads. Include the quotation marks to search for exactly that phrase. Tell us about the ad you chose: name the product and the year the ad was published. Remember that the goal of advertising is to make you spend your money on products and services. Does the ad motivate you to buy the product or service? How does the ad use ethos, pathos, or logos to make you desire the product? †¢Ethos relies on the credibility or the authority of the ad itself (Im not a doctor, but I play one on TV.); †¢Pathos is an appeal to your emotions (Coke adds life.); †¢Logos is an appeal to your intellect (Ads that show great gas mileage numbers for a car appeal to your intelligence—they imply that you have the brains to buy the most efficient vehicle.). What elements create ethos, pathos, or logos in the ad that you chose? Discuss 2-3 elements that work to create the rhetorical appeal (ethos, logos, pathos) that you detect. Some elements you might analyze are †¢ The use of colors †¢ The appearance of people in the ad or their expressions †¢ The way the product is photographed or displayed †¢ Words used in the ad Here is some advice. In your discussion: 1) Avoid summarizing the ad—lets not look at the ad and describe it. Keep in mind that this is not a description paper. 2) Avoid talking about your experience with the product or service depicted in the ad. Keep in mind that this is not a testimonial paper. Make sure that you are writing about how the ad makes you want to spend your money on a product or service. Ethos, pathos, logos By working on this now, you will write material that you can use in your draft to turn in this week.

henry clays american system Essays -- essays research papers

Henry Clay’s American System 1832 Background: Following the War of 1812, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and John Quincy Adams helped form a new political agenda, which promised to meet the needs of America. It was a new nationalist United States. Henry Clay's "American System" was a neofederalist program of a national bank, a tariff to promote and protect industry’s, and financial improvements. Parties Involved: Henry Clays started as lawyer In Richmond, Virginia. In 1797 he quickly acquired a reputation and a lucrative income from his law practice. At the age of twenty-two, he was elected to a constitutional convention in Kentucky; at twenty-nine, while yet under the age limit of the United States Constitution, he was appointed to an unexpired term during 1806 and 1807 in the ... henry clays american system Essays -- essays research papers Henry Clay’s American System 1832 Background: Following the War of 1812, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and John Quincy Adams helped form a new political agenda, which promised to meet the needs of America. It was a new nationalist United States. Henry Clay's "American System" was a neofederalist program of a national bank, a tariff to promote and protect industry’s, and financial improvements. Parties Involved: Henry Clays started as lawyer In Richmond, Virginia. In 1797 he quickly acquired a reputation and a lucrative income from his law practice. At the age of twenty-two, he was elected to a constitutional convention in Kentucky; at twenty-nine, while yet under the age limit of the United States Constitution, he was appointed to an unexpired term during 1806 and 1807 in the ...

Part Three Chapter VI

VI Things denied, things untold, things hidden and disguised. The muddy River Orr gushed over the wreckage of the stolen computer, thrown from the old stone bridge at midnight. Simon limped to work on his fractured toe and told everyone that he had slipped on the garden path. Ruth pressed ice to her bruises and concealed them inexpertly with an old tube of foundation; Andrew's lip scabbed over, like Dane Tully's, and Paul had another nosebleed on the bus and had to go straight to the nurse on arrival at school. Shirley Mollison, who had been shopping in Yarvil, did not answer Ruth's repeated telephone calls until late afternoon, by which time Ruth's sons had arrived home from school. Andrew listened to the one-sided conversation from the stairs outside the sitting room. He knew that Ruth was trying to take care of the problem before Simon came home, because Simon was more than capable of seizing the receiver from her and shouting and swearing at her friend. ‘†¦ just silly lies,' she was saying brightly, ‘but we'd be very grateful if you could remove it, Shirley.' He scowled and the cut on his fat lip threatened to burst open again. He hated hearing his mother asking the woman for a favour. In that moment he was irrationally annoyed that the post had not been taken down already; then he remembered that he had written it, that he had caused everything: his mother's battered face, his own cut lip and the atmosphere of dread that pervaded the house at the prospect of Simon's return. ‘I do understand you've got a lot of things on †¦' Ruth was saying cravenly, ‘but you can see how this might do Simon damage, if people believe †¦' ‘Yes.' Ruth sounded tired. ‘She's going to take those things about Dad off the site so, hopefully, that'll be the end of it.' Andrew knew his mother to be intelligent, and much handier around the house than his ham-fisted father. She was capable of earning her own living. ‘Why didn't she take the post down straight away, if you're friends?' he asked, following her into the kitchen. For the first time in his life, his pity for Ruth was mingled with a feeling of frustration that amounted to anger. ‘She's been busy,' snapped Ruth. One of her eyes was bloodshot from Simon's punch. ‘Did you tell her she could be in trouble for leaving defamatory stuff on there, if she moderates the boards? We did that stuff in comput – ‘ ‘I've told you, she's taking it down, Andrew,' said Ruth angrily. She was not frightened of showing temper to her sons. Was it because they did not hit her, or for some other reason? Andrew knew that her face must ache as badly as his own. ‘So who d'you reckon wrote that stuff about Dad?' he asked her recklessly. She turned a face of fury upon him. ‘I don't know,' she said, ‘but whoever they are, it was a despicable, cowardly thing to do. Everyone's got something they'd like to hide. How would it be if Dad put some of the things he knows about other people on the internet? But he wouldn't do it.' ‘That'd be against his moral code, would it?' said Andrew. ‘You don't know your father as well as you think you do!' shouted Ruth with tears in her eyes. ‘Get out – go and do your homework – I don't care – just get out!' Yet the deletion of the post could not remove it from the consciousness of those who were passionately interested in the forthcoming contest for Barry's seat. Parminder Jawanda had copied the message about Simon Price onto her computer, and kept opening it, subjecting each sentence to the scrutiny of a forensic scientist examining fibres on a corpse, searching for traces of Howard Mollison's literary DNA. He would have done all he could to disguise his distinctive phraseology, but she was sure that she recognized his pomposity in ‘Mr Price is certainly no stranger to keeping down costs', and in ‘the benefit of his many useful contacts'. ‘Minda, you don't know Simon Price,' said Tessa Wall. She and Colin were having supper with the Jawandas in the Old Vicarage kitchen, and Parminder had started on the subject of the post almost the moment they had crossed the threshold. ‘He's a very unpleasant man and he could have upset any number of people. I honestly don't think it's Howard Mollison. I can't see him doing anything so obvious.' ‘Don't kid yourself, Tessa,' said Parminder. ‘Howard will do anything to make sure Miles is elected. You watch. He'll go for Colin next.' Tessa saw Colin's knuckles whiten on his fork handle, and wished that Parminder would think before she spoke. She, of anyone, knew what Colin was like; she prescribed his Prozac. Vikram was sitting at the end of the table in silence. His beautiful face fell naturally into a slightly sardonic smile. Tessa had always been intimidated by the surgeon, as she was by all very good-looking men. Although Parminder was one of Tessa's best friends, she barely knew Vikram, who worked long hours and involved himself much less in Pagford matters than his wife. ‘I told you about the agenda, didn't I?' Parminder rattled on. ‘For the next meeting? He's proposing a motion on the Fields, for us to pass to the Yarvil committee doing the boundary review, and a resolution on forcing the drug clinic out of their building. He's trying to rush it all through, while Barry's seat's empty.' She kept leaving the table to fetch things, opening more cupboard doors than was necessary, distracted and unfocused. Twice she forgot why she had got up, and sat down again, empty-handed. Vikram watched her, everywhere she moved, from beneath his thick eyelashes. ‘I rang Howard last night,' Parminder said, ‘and I told him we ought to wait until we're back up to the full complement of councillors before we vote on such big issues. He laughed; he says we can't wait. Yarvil wants to hear our views, he said, with the boundary review coming up. What he's really scared of is that Colin's going to win Barry's seat, because it won't be so easy to foist it all on us then. I've emailed everyone I think will vote with us, to see if they can't put pressure on him to delay the votes, for one meeting †¦ ‘†The Ghost of Barry Fairbrother†,' Parminder added breathlessly. ‘The bastard. He's not using Barry's death to beat him. Not if I can help it.' Tessa thought she saw Vikram's lips twitch. Old Pagford, led by Howard Mollison, generally forgave Vikram the crimes that it could not forget in his wife: brownness, cleverness and affluence (all of which, to Shirley Mollison's nostrils, had the whiff of a gloat). It was, Tessa thought, grossly unfair: Parminder worked hard at every aspect of her Pagford life: school ftes and sponsored bakes, the local surgery and the Parish Council, and her reward was implacable dislike from the Pagford old guard; Vikram, who rarely joined or participated in anything, was fawned upon, flattered and spoken of with proprietary approval. ‘Mollison's a megalomaniac,' Parminder said, pushing food nervously around her plate. ‘A bully and a megalomaniac.' Vikram laid down his knife and fork and sat back in his chair. ‘So why,' he asked, ‘is he happy being chair of the Parish Council? Why hasn't he tried to get on the District Council?' ‘Because he thinks that Pagford is the epicentre of the universe,' snapped Parminder. ‘You don't understand: he wouldn't swap being chair of Pagford Parish Council for being Prime Minister. Anyway, he doesn't need to be on the council in Yarvil; he's already got Aubrey Fawley there, pushing through the big agenda. All revved up for the boundary review. They're working together.' Parminder felt Barry's absence like a ghost at the table. He would have explained it all to Vikram and made him laugh in the process; Barry had been a superb mimic of Howard's speech patterns, of his rolling, waddling walk, of his sudden gastrointestinal interruptions. ‘I keep telling her, she's letting herself get too stressed,' Vikram told Tessa, who was appalled to find herself blushing slightly, with his dark eyes upon her. ‘You know about this stupid complaint – the old woman with emphysema?' ‘Yes, Tessa knows. Everyone knows. Do we have to discuss it at the dinner table?' snapped Parminder, and she jumped to her feet and began clearing the plates. Tessa tried to help, but Parminder told her crossly to stay where she was. Vikram gave Tessa a small smile of solidarity that made her stomach flutter. She could not help remembering, as Parminder clattered around the table, that Vikram and Parminder had had an arranged marriage. (‘It's only an introduction through the family,' Parminder had told her, in the early days of their friendship, defensive and annoyed at something she had seen in Tessa's face. ‘Nobody makes you marry, you know.' But she had spoken, at other times, of the immense pressure from her mother to take a husband. ‘All Sikh parents want their kids married. It's an obsession,' Parminder said bitterly.) Colin saw his plate snatched away without regret. The nausea churning in his stomach was even worse than when he and Tessa had arrived. He might have been encased in a thick glass bubble, so separate did he feel from his three dining companions. It was a sensation with which he was only too familiar, that of walking in a giant sphere of worry, enclosed by it, watching his own terrors roll by, obscuring the outside world. Tessa was no help: she was being deliberately cool and unsympathetic about his campaign for Barry's seat. The whole point of this supper was so that Colin could consult Parminder on the little leaflets he had produced, advertising his candidacy. Tessa was refusing to get involved, blocking discussion of the fear that was slowly engulfing him. She was refusing him an outlet. Trying to emulate her coolness, pretending that he was not, after all, caving under self-imposed pressure, he had not told her about the telephone call from the Yarvil and District Gazette that he had received at school that day. The journalist on the end of the line had wanted to talk about Krystal Weedon. Had he touched her? Colin had told the woman that the school could not possibly discuss a pupil and that Krystal must be approached through her parents. ‘I've already talked to Krystal,' said the voice on the end of the line. ‘I only wanted to get your – ‘ But he had put the receiver down, and terror had blotted out everything. Why did they want to talk about Krystal? Why had they called him? Had he done something? Had he touched her? Had she complained? The psychologist had taught him not to try and confirm or disprove the content of such thoughts. He was supposed to acknowledge their existence, then carry on as normal, but it was like trying not to scratch the worst itch you had ever known. The public unveiling of Simon Price's dirty secrets on the council website had stunned him: the terror of exposure, which had dominated so much of Colin's life, now wore a face, its features those of an ageing cherub, with a demonic brain seething beneath a deerstalker on tight grey curls, behind bulging inquisitive eyes. He kept remembering Barry's tales of the delicatessen owner's formidable strategic brain, and of the intricate web of alliances that bound the sixteen members of Pagford Parish Council. Colin had often imagined how he would find out that the game was up: a guarded article in the paper; faces turned away from him when he entered Mollison and Lowe's; the headmistress calling him into her office for a quiet word. He had visualized his downfall a thousand times: his shame exposed and hung around his neck like a leper's bell, so that no concealment would be possible, ever again. He would be sacked. He might end up in prison. ‘Colin,' Tessa prompted quietly; Vikram was offering him wine. She knew what was going on inside that big domed forehead; not the specifics, but the theme of his anxiety had been constant for years. She knew that Colin could not help it; it was the way he was made. Many years before, she had read, and recognized as true, the words of W. B. Yeats: ‘A pity beyond all telling is hid at the heart of love.' She had smiled over the poem, and stroked the page, because she had known both that she loved Colin, and that compassion formed a huge part of her love. Sometimes, though, her patience wore thin. Sometimes she wanted a little concern and reassurance too. Colin had erupted into a predictable panic when she had told him that she had received a firm diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, but once she had convinced him that she was not in imminent danger of dying, she had been taken aback by how quickly he dropped the subject, how completely he reimmersed himself in his election plans. (That morning, at breakfast, she had tested her blood sugar with the glucometer for the first time, then taken out the prefilled needle and inserted it into her own belly. It had hurt much more than when deft Parminder did it. Fats had seized his cereal bowl and swung round in his chair away from her, sloshing milk over the table, the sleeve of his school shirt and onto the kitchen floor. Colin had let out an inchoate shout of annoyance as Fats spat his mouthful of cornflakes back into his bowl, and demanded of his mother, ‘Have you got to do that at the bloody table?' ‘Don't be so damn rude and disgusting!' shouted Colin. ‘Sit up properly! Wipe up that mess! How dare you speak to your mother like that? Apologize!' Tessa withdrew the needle too fast; she had made herself bleed. ‘I'm sorry that you shooting up at breakfast makes me want to puke, Tess,' said Fats from under the table, where he was wiping the floor with a bit of kitchen roll. ‘Your mother isn't â€Å"shooting up†, she's got a medical condition!' shouted Colin. ‘And don't call her â€Å"Tess†!' ‘I know you don't like needles, Stu,' said Tessa, but her eyes were stinging; she had hurt herself, and felt shaken and angry with both of them, feelings that were still with her this evening.) Tessa wondered why Parminder did not appreciate Vikram's concern. Colin never noticed when she was stressed. Perhaps, Tessa thought angrily, there's something in this arranged marriage business †¦ my mother certainly wouldn't have chosen Colin for me †¦ Parminder was shoving bowls of cut fruit across the table for pudding. Tessa wondered a little resentfully what she would have offered a guest who was not diabetic, and comforted herself with the thought of a bar of chocolate lying at home in the fridge. Parminder, who had talked five times as much as anybody else all through supper, had started ranting about her daughter, Sukhvinder. She had already told Tessa on the telephone about the girl's betrayal; she went through it all again at the table. ‘Waitressing with Howard Mollison. I don't, I really don't know what she's thinking. But Vikram – ‘ ‘They don't think, Minda,' Colin proclaimed, breaking his long silence. ‘That's teenagers. They don't care. They're all the same.' ‘Colin, what rubbish,' snapped Tessa. ‘They aren't all the same at all. We'd be delighted if Stu went and got himself a Saturday job – not that there's the remotest chance of that.' ‘ – but Vikram doesn't mind,' Parminder pressed on, ignoring the interruption. ‘He can't see anything wrong with it, can you?' Vikram answered easily: ‘It's work experience. She probably won't make university; there's no shame in it. It's not for everyone. I can see Jolly married early, quite happy.' ‘Waitressing †¦' ‘Well, they can't all be academic, can they?' ‘No, she certainly isn't academic,' said Parminder, who was almost quivering with anger and tension. ‘Her marks are absolutely atrocious – no aspiration, no ambition – waitressing – â€Å"let's face it, I'm not going to get into uni† – no, you certainly won't, with that attitude – with Howard Mollison †¦ oh, he must have absolutely loved it – my daughter going cap in hand for a job. What was she thinking – what was she thinking?' ‘You wouldn't like it if Stu took a job with someone like Mollison,' Colin told Tessa. ‘I wouldn't care,' said Tessa. ‘I'd be thrilled he was showing any kind of work ethic. As far as I can tell, all he seems to care about is computer games and – ‘ But Colin did not know that Stuart smoked; she broke off, and Colin said, ‘Actually, this would be exactly the kind of thing Stuart would do. Insinuate himself with somebody he knew we didn't like, to get at us. He'd love that.' ‘For goodness sake, Colin, Sukhvinder isn't trying to get at Minda,' said Tessa. ‘So you think I'm being unreasonable?' Parminder shot at Tessa. ‘No, no,' said Tessa, appalled at how quickly they had been sucked into the family row. ‘I'm just saying, there aren't many places for kids to work in Pagford, are there?' ‘And why does she need to work at all?' said Parminder, raising her hands in a gesture of furious exasperation. ‘Don't we give her enough money?' ‘Money you earn yourself is always different, you know that,' said Tessa. Tessa's chair faced a wall that was covered in photographs of the Jawanda children. She had sat here often, and had counted how many appearances each child made: Jaswant, eighteen; Rajpal, nineteen; and Sukhvinder, nine. There was only one photograph on the wall celebrating Sukhvinder's individual achievements: the picture of the Winterdown rowing team on the day that they had beaten St Anne's. Barry had given all the parents an enlarged copy of this picture, in which Sukhvinder and Krystal Weedon were in the middle of the line of eight, with their arms around each other's shoulders, beaming and jumping up and down so that they were both slightly blurred. Barry, she thought, would have helped Parminder see things the right way. He had been a bridge between mother and daughter, both of whom had adored him. Not for the first time, Tessa wondered how much difference it made that she had not given birth to her son. Did she find it easier to accept him as a separate individual than if he had been made from her flesh and blood? Her glucose-heavy, tainted blood †¦ Fats had recently stopped calling her ‘Mum'. She had to pretend not to care, because it made Colin so angry; but every time Fats said ‘Tessa' it was like a needle jab to her heart. The four of them finished their cold fruit in silence.

Comparative Essay The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Essay

Any movie based upon a piece of literature can make or break its source of inspiration. Some movies do no mercy toward the book, while some exceed the quality of the novel. The movie, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, directed by Norman Mc Lean, was a much better piece of work than the short story, â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty,† written by James Thuber, because the video had a satisfying conclusion, more action, and a much more developed and advanced plot. The conclusion of the story left you unsatisfied and discontent because it didn’t really tell you what happens to the protagonist; it just ends, while the movie ends with Walter, the protagonist, finding love. Walter also overcomes his low self-esteem towards his boss and says, â€Å"The smartest thing you ever did was hire me!† He goes further in saying that all his boss does is make money of his ideas. The confidence Walter shows at the end of the movie gets him to a higher a position at work. In addition, the movie also leaves you feeling satisfied because the bad guys, the antagonists, are caught and put in prison. Therefore the movie had a more rewarding conclusion than the short story’s inconclusive ending. The movie had much more action, partly because it was more developed, interesting and exciting. The plot involved more than just Walter going to the store to pick up some items for his wife, as in the story. The movie included bad guys chasing Walter throughout the movie because he accidentally took possession of a precious notebook. In addition, it also incorporated Walter committing death-defying feats such as falling out of, and climbing through sky-high building windows, and tiptoeing along the edge of these buildings. Action was also added through the extra daydreams Walter  experienced during the movie, such as the shoot-out near the end of the movie and the Mississippi gambler. Moreover, action was added with Walter running from the bad guys while setting up various booby traps, consequently getting caught in them himself. This caused skepticism in the audience’s faith of Walter’s defeat of the bad guys, but in the end Walter pulled through. As a result of thes e qualities in the movie, action was added, while the short story was dry and exclusive of action. A well-developed plot must have some sort of love interest, action, and a climax, and humor can help. The story did not include these fundamentals. On the other hand, the movie stuck Walter in a very awkward position, which advanced the plot tremendously. Walter’s mother chose Walter’s fiancà ©, whom he did not have feelings for. Then he met Virginia Mayo, the woman of his dreams, with whom he fell in love and ended up marring by the end of the movie. The short story didn’t have a plot; it was just a series of thoughts and daydreams with no climax, conclusion or real development of setting. There was nothing to the book; it just explained a day in the life of Walter Mitty, compared to the movie which involved Walter overcoming chases through windows and through warehouses, his nasty boss, and his over protective, bossy mother. The movie also had a lot of humor in Walter’s clumsy attics, such as when he was running from the bad guy and knocked over the water dispenser, when he broke the window after slamming it behind him, and when he fell through the window in the office during the business meeting. Another example would be when he set up the booby traps for the bad guys and then ended up setting them off himself! With all of these modifications to the short story, the movie’s plot was much more enhanced and developed. The movie, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, was a more enhanced composition than the story because the movie had a much more fulfilling conclusion, more action and a more complex and advanced plot. The quality of the movie, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, far exceeded that of the short story upon which it was based.

The Chinese New Year essays

The Chinese New Year essays Whizzzzzzzzzz...BANG! Yes, its that time of year again. A time where streets are lit up with bright flamboyant lights, sounds of crackling fireworks can be heard a mile away, smells of freshly baked moon cakes play with our nostrils, and the laughter of jovial people fill the air. No, its not Christmas, New Years Eve, Thanksgiving, or Labor Day. Its the Chinese New Year! This is a time where all worries and sorrows are left behind and the only rule is to be merry and celebrate. Each year represents a different animal of the Chinese Zodiac and this New Year is the year of the horse. Why is the Chinese New Year so awesome? Three reasons: 1) It tells of an amazing origin of the Chinese culture, 2) It is when Chinese cooking and cuisine goes all out, and 3) We celebrate it with our own style and flare. Chinese New Year one of the most amazing holidays known to man and thats a fact. When we celebrate the Chinese New Year, we are celebrating Chinas rich, fascinating, and prosperous history and culture. Back in the days of the Dynasties, the year revolved around the lunar cycle and when the new year came, the emperors would hold gargantuan feasts in honor of the gods who would in turn bring forth a new year filled with prosperity, fortune, and happiness. Each of the lesser peoples would have their own parties and invite their families and friends. Once gathered around the table, many dishes would be brought out and together they would dine. After the feast, the families would have moon cakes in honor of the gods and bring good luck into their future. Then at night, a festive and jovial parade would tread across town where reenactments of legendary stories would be shown. Also, dragons and lions would line the streets and dance about while fireworks filled the night sky with their multitudes of color and thunderous drums of sound scared away the evil spiri ts. It wa...

A Quiz About Compressing Accordion Sentences

A Quiz About Compressing Accordion Sentences A Quiz About Compressing Accordion Sentences A Quiz About Compressing Accordion Sentences By Mark Nichol Brisk, lively writing requires attending to phrasing that slows readers down and or trips them up. Be vigilant about finding ways to make sentences less wordy and more direct. Firm up these five flabby sentences, and compare your revisions with mine: 1. â€Å"The kit includes a set of five food containers, and they are dishwasher safe.† Insert the key information in the second clause of this sentence as a phrasal adjective preceding the subject: â€Å"The kit includes a set of five dishwasher-safe food containers.† 2. â€Å"In 1995, he published a book called Bowling Alone, which introduced the term ‘social capital’ into our nation’s vocabulary.† Shift the focus from the author’s act of publishing the book to the result of the publication by deleting compacting the phrase â€Å"he published a book called† to â€Å"his book,† then delete the comma and which: â€Å"In 1995, his book Bowling Alone introduced the term ‘social capital’ into our nation’s vocabulary.† (Use this solution cautiously, as such a shift in focus may cause the passage to veer from fidelity to the author’s intent.) 3. â€Å"The film was commissioned by the US Treasury Department, and it was troubled from the beginning.† When a sentence includes more than one form of the verb phrase â€Å"to be† is, was, were, and the like discover a way to eliminate at least one of them; in this case, alter what follows was in the first clause to a subordinate clause, and jettison the conjunction: â€Å"The film, commissioned by the U.S. Treasury Department, was troubled from the beginning.† (Look for opportunities in such cases to replace not one but both â€Å"to be† verbs, which are inferior in impact to more vivid verbs doing so may encourage you to be more specific, too: â€Å"The film, commissioned by the U.S. Treasury Department, suffered from bureaucratic interference from the beginning.†) 4. â€Å"Smith is president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, and frequently represents evangelicals in the media.† This sentence is improved in the same fashion as the previous one, with the additional improvement of replacing the verbose â€Å"part of the whole† construction with a â€Å"whole’s part† revision: â€Å"Smith, president of the Southern Baptist Convention’s Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission, frequently represents evangelicals in the media.† (Take care, however, that this more concentrated restructuring is not more ponderous than the original phrasing.) 5. â€Å"My cousin, who is employed as an epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, claims that a scenario similar to that one could occur if the circumstances were right.† Delete the redundant indicators that the writer’s cousin is a person (who) and is employed at the place of employment, and tighten the rest of the sentence by converting phrases that contain an adjective and follow a noun into adjectives preceding the nouns and modifying them on their own: â€Å"My cousin, an epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, claims that a similar scenario could occur under the right circumstances.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsHow to Pronounce MobileAdverbs and Hyphens

Never Overlook the Arc

Never Overlook the Arc Never Overlook the Arc Never Overlook the Arc By Guest Author This is a guest post by Vic Shayne. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. There are many elements that are key to creating a good story, and the arc is one of the most important of all. It doesn’t matter whether we’re talking about fiction, nonfiction, a fantasy story, documentary or screenplay. I could say that even Noah knew the importance of an ark, but homonyms lose their charm in writing. What is an arc? In the world of physics, an arc is a curve. In writing we can explain it in similar terms - it’s the path that a story and its characters follow, from their introduction to their finale. It starts here and ends there, so to speak. I’ve seen a lot of people’s writing that completely misses this fundamental element, and they wonder why their work is flat or unsalable. If they set their egos aside, they can learn from their mistakes. If not, they go on chalking up their failures to stupid editors or readers who just don’t get their genius. To make sure your work is rich, plan your arcs from the outset. Before you sit down to write your story, make an outline that includes an arc for the story and all its characters. Figure out how your story begins and how it ends, including all the changes in points in between. Figure out how your characters act at first compared to how they act when your work comes to a conclusion. If they do not exhibit change or growth, then something’s wrong and your work will lack dramatic interest. This is true of a silly comedy, a farce, a musical, a slice of life story, a science fiction work and a tear-jerking drama. Everything has to keep moving in a direction that exhibits change. They say if a shark stops moving, it dies. Don’t let your writing go belly up. Let’s get more specific. Take a look at your own life as an example. Your life, like everybody else’s has an overall arc with a series of events in between. You started off as a baby, moved through childhood and got to where you are now. You’ve changed, changed some more and changed again so that you are not the same person you were in the beginning. Your life story has an arc. At this present moment, you have accumulated wisdom. You have experienced sorrow, happiness, hard work and moments of reprieve - all of which are evidence of your arc. Remember too that in addition to an overall story arc, there are also many in between arcs that need to be written. Each chapter needs to have an arc in which something is accomplished, ruined, created, thwarted, grown, deconstructed and/or abandoned. Only by creating these chapter or scene arcs is your audience or reader compelled to move to the next event. Many movies suffer from an absence of arcs and even uninformed audiences will complain that the film they just watched â€Å"didn’t go anywhere,† even if they can’t articulate the exact source of the flaw. I have a friend, John, who goes to the movies on a regular basis. John has little patience. If there’s nothing that compels him to watch what happens after the first ten minutes, he leaves the theater. He considers sitting any longer in his seat a waste of his valuable time. Worse, John is angry at the writer and director for taking advantage of him and robbing him for an unfulfilled promise. John’s a tough critic, but to me he’s a reminder of the importance of giving your readers something to look forward to from scene to scene and chapter to chapter until, by the end of the affair, you’ve taken them through a journey. This â€Å"something† depends on well-crafted arcs. Vic Shaynes latest book, Remember Us, just hit the bookstores nationwide. Vic has been a professional writer since 1978, with six books and more than 500 articles over his career, as well as screenplays, stage plays and commercial work. To learn more about him and his work, you can visit his website. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesUsed To vs. Use ToPeople vs. Persons

Role Played by the French Revolution in France's Socialist History Term Paper

Role Played by the French Revolution in France's Socialist History - Term Paper Example Socialism falls as an economic and political approach that advocates for state-owned companies and state-restricted allocation of capital brought about as a result of democracy. The principles of socialism, in addition, takes account of demands for influential industries, utilities, banking and natural resources to be publicly owned as well as for publicly owned social services like healthcare (Jaures 2). France has had a very interesting socialist history. The French revolution has had a lot to do with the socialist history in that country. The roles played by the French revolution in France’s socialist history are the center of attention of this article. This article will discuss the roles that the French revolution played in the development of socialism, seeking to defend it over the communism theory. Background theory of socialism The term socialism dates back to 1832 from L. Pierre, an editor of the Parisian magazine, Le Globe. After that, socialism was defined with a var iety of meanings as the family of socialism bred from Western Europe to America, Russia, Australia, and Asia. It is misguidedly assumed that Russians came up with both communism and socialism and shipped them, when in reality they borrowed these principles of politics and economy from Western Europe and eventually invented their own edition of them. The many meanings of socialism developed in bits. This was from the disagreement on the ways by which a more evenhanded allocation of wealth in the public felt to be attained, a view of which no two socialist philosophies looked as if to concur. Marxist socialism projected the persuasive establishment of citizens’ autocracy. Conventional social democrats’ proposed parliamentary reorganization and trade unions. Syndic lists advertized a universal demonstration of the workers. Christian socialists advertized a severe appliance of the beliefs of the Bible as well as trade unions, or associations, as they referred to them. Addi tionally, no two socialist beliefs could concur on why scarcity existed or how it had taken place in the beginning (Doyle 4). Role played by French revolution in France’s socialist history The French Revolution stands as a whopping factor for developing the socialist theory. The French Revolution, in some way, set the arrival of the working class. It recognized the two critical circumstances for socialism: capitalism and democracy. The revolution preordained the coming of the bourgeois (socio-economic) class. The revolution also saw the development of political and economic interest groups, large-scale industries, and the working class. These increased figure and desires brought nervousness to the farmers who were angered with opposition and plagued by the industrial and commercial feudalism, and the moral unrest of the learned bourgeoisie; whose fragile sensibilities stand as a commercial and vicious society upset, all of which have slowly paved way to a new social crisis. I t paved the way to a novel and more philosophical revolution; an upheaval through which the working class will get hold of power in order to transform assets and principles. So stands the march and the interaction of social groups since 1789 that people wish to narrate. It proves always somewhat random to lay out clear limitations and divisions in the continuous and nuanced development of life. Nevertheless

Analysis the case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analysis the case - Assignment Example Getting new workers requires the company to advertise for positions, interview candidates and also train successful candidates in the business of the organization. It would be less costly to the organization if a manager talked to the incumbent workers about what deliverables the company expects and how to improve their performance to meet the targets. Shaer explains that reprimanding employees regarding their performance may erode their morale and ego (27). Managers must thus navigate these scenarios in a professional manner. Counselling is one of the ways that managers can â€Å"fix† underperforming workers. However, they have to consider several issues so as to maintain the integrity of the results of the exercise. While counselling workers, managers must assure employees that they are an important part of the organization and that their performance is acceptable. The point means that managers should approach the issue as a mere act of enabling an employee reach the optimal performance to avoid demoralizing workers. Managers must be willing to go extra miles to ensure that employees benefit from counselling (28). They must also offer support and understanding as the employees try to adjust to the changes. The workers need to know the importance of the exercise and an assurance of support in the process. The managers should explain to the employee the nature of the exercise, the areas they need to improve, and the period that they are required to make the changes. The workers need to understand the consequences of not adapting to the new conditions. All these aspects must be outlined with absolute clarity (27). Acceptance with a â€Å"but† is a common response. Employees admit that they may not be performing in one area, but claim to contribute more in other sectors in the organization (Shaer 23). The claims are often unsubstantiated and may not be measurable. Thus, they cannot be used to show the performance of

Clinical Synthesis 5 and 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clinical Synthesis 5 and 6 - Assignment Example Moreover, from the ministry there exist a number of government agencies, which are responsible for conducting research and coming up with new technological mechanisms for fighting disease-causing microorganisms (Lombardi, Schermerhorn, & Kramer, 2007). The government governs hospitals and health care facilities through boards, which are chaired by senior doctors who are responsible for the daily running of the facilities. The entire health care department is financed by the government, and it also receives grants and donations from non-governmental organizations that endeavor to promote quality health care services in those institutions (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2012). That notwithstanding, clients who visit these health centers pay up some fee for their treatment; this also goes on to finance the day to day running of the facilities. However, monies charged on clients is not the main source of financing for the health care sector because the services that are offered are subsidized in a manner that makes them cheaper and affordable to the common citizens thus, whatever is collected as service charge is not enough to finance the daily operations of health facilities (Lombardi, Schermerhorn, & Kramer, 2007). Commonly, the health care sector is a not for profit initiative by the government, it is established mainly to give quality and affordable services to the citizens to get rid of any kind of disease outbreak, which may claim the lives of the citizens. Thus, business principles do not apply in the health sector as the health facilities cannot be self-sufficient by depending on the monies charged on the services that are offered as the main source of financing for their daily operations (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2012). Businesses are founded with the sole intention of making profit, but the case of health care sector is totally different since it is a not for profit project, which is mainly funded by the government to help its citizen’s access affordable health care

Spirituality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Spirituality - Essay Example The first is a moral code of conduct and justification that will guide health care providers to tend to patients in a manner that is in alignment with religion. Such as the fact that they cannot present life threatening drugs or force people to take a drug that may cause death. At the same time, women cannot be advised of abortion etc. Secondly the doctor patient relationship needs to be built on the element of trust; the patient is entitled to receive all the information regarding treatment, health care and any aspect of a procedure that they have to undergo. Even though the provider is the true healer and is believed to be so by the patient as well, all sides of the story is a duty of the doctor to the patient. Thirdly, patients are autonomous, that is, they are allowed to make any decision they want to, after being presented all the facts of the situation. At the same time, health care providers have to act like good citizens, taking it on their conscience to care for the patient and heal them; and not just go through with this procedure in a mechanical fashion, but to be caring and loving and compassionate towards the patient. God will only show mercy to him who showed mercy on his creation, and so providers need to offer not just treatment but compassion and mercy to patients, praying for their well-being and taking it as a duty as God’s servants to take care of his creation. At the same time there is the concept of non-maleficence in Christianity; which essentially translates into â€Å"never harm anyone.† According to this principle, health care providers need to be such that they give the right kind of prescription to the right patient and they need to assess whether a particular treatment would harm or benefit the patient in question. Christianity also believes in the principle of justice. Therefore patients are all to be treated equally and fairly, and treated till depth of the provider’s ability as

SAP ERP Implementation [ A Case Study of Nestle USA] Research Paper

SAP ERP Implementation [ A Case Study of Nestle USA] - Research Paper Example Providing real time data for distributed systems gives power to the users and thereby the company to work efficiently. Company employees, even though they are working from different locations, would have access to the data and moreover, would be getting the same view of data. But, quite obviously, all this cannot be achieved free of cost. There are different kinds of costs involved including monetary crunch, issues with putting all this into practice, and also people management issues. But, all said and done, each and every ERP implementation has important lessons to be learned from. This leads to say that for a company, what so ever be the result of ERP implementation, the lessons are always significant. The case I would be taking into consideration is the Nestle case. In the year 2000, Nestle SA management team became conscious of the fact that if they want to maintain their position in the hugely competitive market, they need to streamline their processes and upgrade their systems . To serve this purpose, Nestle SA signed a bond with SAP. Nestle SA wanted to implement an ERP system across all its systems, they wanted all the employees and hence, the company to benefit with the ERP system. Back then, Nestle SA had its presence in 80 countries with a total of 230,000 employees overall. A huge sum of $80 million was assigned for the consultation, maintenance and up gradation of the existing systems. A time frame of three years was decided upon in order to complete the ERP implementation for the most competitive sites of Nestle. After the ERP implementation of these sites is completed, the other sites would be dealt with. The implementation included most aspects of a company’s product and operation management processes. They ranged from finance and monetary aspect handling, to supply chain, forecasting, capacity planning and BI segments. Another Nestle ERP implementation was that of Nestle USA. Nestle USA had quite a few different ledgers and customer acce ss points. The objective of implementing ERP implemented in Nestle USA was to consolidate these different data points to just one. Nestle USA faced a lot of challenges in implementing ERP. This was because of the fact that every location for Nestle USA was inclined to make their own decisions. There was a communication gap between decisions made by different locations and this lead to adverse effects on ERP implementation. A classic example of this was the story of Vanilla wherein each and every Nestle USA location had a different deal for vanilla price with the retailer, and the different locations were not even aware of this fact. (Ben, 2002) In spite of which subsidiary of Nestle is observed, the reasons and objectives for implanting ERP were the same. The goal involved grouping, synchronizing and merging all the operations of the firm despite of the distributed locations and nature of working. The ultimate objective was to increase revenue and to maintain the name of Nestle bran d in the highly competitive market. In addition to the mentioned goals, there was an essential necessity to unify and integrate all the company information so that the forecasting activities as well as different forms of data analyses could be done more easily. This would also lead to greater accuracy in deriving trends while doing market research and demand forecasting. Nestle USA did

Spirituality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Spirituality - Essay Example The first is a moral code of conduct and justification that will guide health care providers to tend to patients in a manner that is in alignment with religion. Such as the fact that they cannot present life threatening drugs or force people to take a drug that may cause death. At the same time, women cannot be advised of abortion etc. Secondly the doctor patient relationship needs to be built on the element of trust; the patient is entitled to receive all the information regarding treatment, health care and any aspect of a procedure that they have to undergo. Even though the provider is the true healer and is believed to be so by the patient as well, all sides of the story is a duty of the doctor to the patient. Thirdly, patients are autonomous, that is, they are allowed to make any decision they want to, after being presented all the facts of the situation. At the same time, health care providers have to act like good citizens, taking it on their conscience to care for the patient and heal them; and not just go through with this procedure in a mechanical fashion, but to be caring and loving and compassionate towards the patient. God will only show mercy to him who showed mercy on his creation, and so providers need to offer not just treatment but compassion and mercy to patients, praying for their well-being and taking it as a duty as God’s servants to take care of his creation. At the same time there is the concept of non-maleficence in Christianity; which essentially translates into â€Å"never harm anyone.† According to this principle, health care providers need to be such that they give the right kind of prescription to the right patient and they need to assess whether a particular treatment would harm or benefit the patient in question. Christianity also believes in the principle of justice. Therefore patients are all to be treated equally and fairly, and treated till depth of the provider’s ability as

Nozicks argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nozicks argument - Essay Example The rights of others are usurped to a certain extent if governments implement projects for the benefit of the underprivileged compelling participation that could lucidly be illustrated through taxation. This proposition is not without its merit but there is more to human nature and the purpose of government that this absolutist disposition. If governments would not execute any effort and would only be constrained predominantly on enforcement then there would be no room for balancing out the virtue of equality among the people. Each would only look out for his own benefit that it will only be a conservatively utilitarian society. This is perceptibly nowhere near ideal for there will not only be a lack of justice but it also entails diminished moral ground. The gap in each social stratum will widen that it may result in social distress where chaos and anarchy may ensue because of the atmosphere of dissatisfaction. The primary function of any good government is the maintenance of order which can only be attained if people are satisfied with their lives. This is not often the case for every individual and this is where government sets in to intervene. Perhaps to an extent it appropriates more to some which came from others. But though there may not be a direct relationship to a man’s toil contributed for another’s benefit each person who contributes for the overall betterment of society gains an altruistic sense that helps society. This, above any other personal interest, is enough to refute Novick’s

Employee Benefit and Google Essay Example for Free

Employee Benefit and Google Essay Google, Inc. was ranked by Fortune magazine as the best place in the U.S. to work in 2009, and it has reached another zenith by becoming the most popular Web site. Google, Inc.’s goal of providing benefits and rewards is to â€Å"strip away everything that gets in our employees’ way† (Google, 2009). Google, Inc. provides a standard package of fringe benefits, but on top of that are first-class dining facilities, gyms, laundry rooms, massage rooms, haircuts, carwashes, dry cleaning, commuting buses – just about anything a hardworking employee might want. Schmitt states, â€Å"Let’s face it: programmers want to program, they don’t want to do their laundry. So we make it easy for them to do both† (Google, 2009). Google believes in providing both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. They understand that many humans are not motivated by pay incentives alone. Google Inc. believes in administering rewards and that good company culture is vital to company success, therefore, Google hired a Culture Czar. Google, Inc.’s CCO, Chief Culture Czar, Stacy Sullivan, is devoted to one thing—make Googlers happy. One way of maintaining Google, Inc.’s culture and keeping employees happy is administering the best perks and rewards (Culture, 2009). Along with its compensation and traditional extrinsic benefits such as free health and dental benefits, flex spending accounts, 401K plans, insurance, tuition reimbursement, and vacation packages, they also have very unique benefits. These unique benefits include maternity benefits up to 18 weeks off at approximately 100% pay. In addition, new mothers and fathers get Take-Out Benefits to help make things easier. They are provided with expenses up to $500 for take-out meals during the first three months that they are home with their new baby. Additionally, Google, Inc. provides back-up child care and in the Gift Matching Program, Google, Inc. matches contributions of up to $3000 per year from eligible employees to non-profit organizations. With Adoption Assistance, Google, Inc. assists their employees by offering financial assistance in the adoption of a child. Google, Inc. will reimburse employees up to $5000 to use towards legal expenses. Free lunch and dinner from gourmet chefs create a wide variety of healthy and delicious meals every day. Got the munchies? Google, Inc. also offers snacks to help satisfy you in between meals. At Google headquarters in Mountain View, California employees have the convenience of seeing a doctor on-site. Google, Inc. is pleased to provide its Mountain View employees with free shuttles to several San Francisco, East Bay and South Bay locations. At Google headquarters in Mountain View, there is on-site oil change, car wash, dry cleaning, massage therapy, gym, hair stylist, fitness classes and bike repair. Google, Inc. will reimburse an employee for buying a hybrid car, up to $5000. Google, Inc. provides other benefits, too many to list, but one can assume that their full-time culture czar is not finished inventing new ways to reward employees (Google, 2009). More than the extrinsic rewards, people who choose to come to Google, Inc. come for other reasons besides just the outward perks and rewards. They come for freedom.

Leadership in washing machines market

Leadership in washing machines market To maintain the leadership in the washing machines market, whirlpool Maroc should sustain some effort and add some factors that will add some value to the product and the brand image of the company such as: Whirlpool Maroc must maintain the good relationship with the customer and the good after sell service, maintaining the good quality of the product and the good design of the product, Keeping the same price but trying to decrease it by using the Optional Feature Pricing, Targeting the lower class in the society by a new cheap product (load II. Introduction: In this report I am going to show you the weaknesses that may have whirlpool Maroc on it Marketing Strategy based on some analysis of the whirlpool Maroc website and research I did on the field (MARJAN supermarket) by using some marketing tools such as PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis, Competitive situation and Marketing Mix. This report will also demonstrate how this company is running it marketing strategy on the Moroccan home appliance market. And finally I will give some recommendation which will be useful for the company to increase there market share and customers satisfaction. III. Current situation: Strategic Analyses 1. Whirlpool Slogan SENSING THE DIFFERENCE 2. Mission, Vision statement and Values Taking in consideration what is mentioned on (marketing strategy MKT306, 2008) and that whirlpool Maroc is subsidiary (Appendix) of Whirlpool Corporation they share the same mission, vision and values: Mission is a measurable goal, every company needs to have to know where it is going, and its current situation along the process. A business can have many different missions under the format of the vision of the business. So, for Whirlpool Corporation the mission is creating with passion a Loyal Customers for life by providing to that customer with a good service quality and reliable product. That customer can be everyone and him the company work to create value. Vision statement is about the future situation that a business wishes to attain; the visions intention is to control, to guide, and to encourage the business as a whole to achieve the desirable state of the business. Whirlpool Corporation considers that every home in every country is the company domain and proud to provide the customer with innovative solution that fit their needs. Also to have good Performance against competitors in the future .and attract global investors with superior returns. Values define the business beliefs, the rules that control the business to the peers, the staff and importantly to the customers. The employees of Whirlpool Corporation are ordered to behave and run the business everywhere in the world under the five values of whirlpool which are: Respect: that means that the relation made in the internal and external environment of the company is based on respect. Integrity: means that the company has no right to do wrong things .the image of the company must be clean. Diversity and Inclusion: the company maintains diversity of ideas and people inside the company and allows everyone to contribute on the creation of values. Teamwork: no right to be selfish, inside the company we are one. Spirit of Winning: encourage of spirit of winning inside every member of the company to reach goals and make extraordinary result. 3. Competitive edge: With revenues more than 550 million MAD (50 Mà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬) in 2008 Whirlpool is the leader of the home appliance market in morocco representing 31% of market share, that is 8% more than the nearest competitor which is FAGOR with 23% (420 M MAD) of market share and 100 years of experience in the appliance sector. Also whirlpool is the first and only home Appliance Company which creates an e-commerce website (whirlpool.ma) to sell their product in morocco. The Moroccan customer is able to know the real price and buying on-line the specific product he like ,and whirlpool provide to the Moroccan customers accessories Unlike other competitors(FAGOR,LG). Whirlpool is present in 23 cities with 122 retailers (32 in Casablanca) no other competitor are providing in their websites about there retailers like whirlpool do. All products of WHIRLPOOL Morocco are guaranteed for 1 year, from the date of purchase. But LG products are guaranteed for 10 years (MARJAN supermarket). Whirlpool is sensitive to their customers needs and requests by building a Service Center for the customers where they can Complaint about problems they have with the product .also they can Complaint by sending e-mails or by phone call. The price of whirlpool washing machine start from 3949 MAD (AWE 6316, 5kg) to 11499 MAD (MAXY 13S, 13kg),so the customers of whirlpool are middle class society and upper class society. Whirlpool Maroc is the only company that provide the customer with wash machine that have Aquasteam system and Microban treatment. Whirlpool provides the wash machine market with 16 models of wash machines. According to Mourad Alem  ,DG of whirlpool Maroc (whirlpool.ma,2011).the mean objective of whirlpool Maroc is to sustain a 10% progression of sells every year by renew each year between 35 and 40% of it offers. 4. SWOT Analysis According to (marketingteacher.com, 2011) The SWOT analysis is a technique that is used to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the business and determine the opportunities and threats that the business might face. Here under, the SWOT analysis of whirlpool Maroc I got based on analyzing information token from the whirlpool morocco website and research made in MARJAN California supermarket: Strengths: -The long history of the company (100 years). This can be used to show that the company is specialized on home appliance and know how to make a good product. Good relationships between the staff. Customers care. Good services. Qualified staff. -Good prices for product and Accessories. -Beautiful design. -Innovative technology 6TH SENSE. Weaknesses: -Weak marketing strategy in morocco. Brand awareness in Morocco: only one spot TV for the wash machine and doesnt consider the culture and the society customs and behavior because this spot TV is made in France and they just copy and past it on the national TV publicity, Also no publicity in newspaper and magazines. -No sponsoring for other sport, event or famous Moroccan people and only sponsoring tennis and BAHIA MOUHTASSINE. Opportunities: Weak competition with local companies (no existence of national companies which made home appliances.) Free trade agreement between THE UNITED STATES and morocco . Moroccan people start using internet for shopping. The equipment rate of washing machines is about 45% according to Mourad Alem, DG of whirlpool Maroc (whirlpool.ma, 2011). Threats: High competition with big companies like: SAMSUNG, FAGOR, LG, BRANDT, ROYAL, ELECTROLUX. Random shocks, (political, social or natural events) such as: Boycotting the brand because it is a USA product. Changes in government policy, (the government may use a contraction monetary policy to prevent inflation which will effect the business). -The purchasing power of the customer. 5. Marketing strategy, Aims and Objectives As defined on the Philip Kotler and Kevin l. Keller book (Marketing Management 12 ed., 2006), the marketing strategy, aims and objectives is what unique position will the company be able to achieve. A marketing strategy is about the designed marketing plan to achieve a certain marketing objectives; there might be some objectives like becoming the market leader. The strategic plan here is a planning with details includes a marketing research, and next evaluating a marketing mix to become the leader. Every company needs to have marketing objectives to work on and achieve the strategy. In a marketing strategy, time is everything as long as the company takes the advantage to plan, to distribute, and to develop. (part1, chapter2, Developing Marketing Strategies and Plans.p35) In morocco whirlpool Maroc based its main advertising program on sponsoring the Moroccan tennis player BAHIA MOHTASSIN. This is publicity for the 10th anniversary of whirlpool Maroc in Morocco in association with Bahia Mouhtassine N °1 Moroccan womens tennis player. The other thing, the whirlpool Maroc marketing strategy is based also by providing product such as a washing machine which is designed as an environmental friendly product in accordance to customer expectations. This product line is named Green Generation which is specified by 4 characteristics: Reduce your consumption of energy 10% less electricity consumption compared to the energy label class A. 6TH SENSE technology is an innovation made by whirlpool engineers. The Power of Steam. The objective is to gain competitive advantage and sustain their leadership especially over the wash machine market and other component of home appliance market in general. IV. Recommendations 1. Segmentation Targeting Whirlpool Maroc (whirlpool.ma, 2011) is using a demographic segmentation such as: social class segment, income segment, also taking in consideration geographic segmentation. The Moroccan consumers have evolved in the last few years; they are expressing the need of washing their cloth with less energy and efficiently with good price and most of all eco-friendly. They also want customized washing machines such as washing machines that have different colours and designs. The target market that the company is targeting is composed of people who want to participate in the process that the world is adopting to protect the environment. Indeed whirlpool Maroc is segmenting a middle class and upper class with medium income and plus .targeting them with 16 model of washing machines with prices starting from 3949 MAD (AWE 6316, 5kg) to 11499 MAD (MAXY 13S, 13kg) and including characteristics made for the benefit of the consumer: 6th sense and Aquasteam technology, low consumption of energy and well designed. Also with a large number of stores (122) located in different locations (23 cities) allow Store managers to stock products that suits the local community (MARJAN, ACIMAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc) covering the entire territory of Morocco kingdom. In my opinion whirlpool Maroc should target the lower class in the society with economic washing machines. For example a washing machine with low load (5 kg and less) with cheap price under 2000 MAD (200à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬). 2. The marketing mix 2.1 Product: Whirlpool Maroc (whirlpool.ma) is offering 16 washing machines with modern design, 2 color whit and gray, load starting from 5kg to 13kg, and integrating 5 characteristic which are the main characteristics of the Green Generation product line: Reduce the consumption of energy by 40% (compared to a unit of energy class A), optimizing the chemical action and enhancing the mechanical action of the cycle, for a perfect washing result. Whirlpool washing machines are making an effort for the environment, 10% less electricity consumption compared to the energy label class A. With this chemical treatment, whirlpool washing machine stays cleaner, fresher and more hygienic for longer. with Microban (a leader in antibacterial solutions), Whirlpool has developed a special treatment that helps reduce bacterial growth, odors and mould in the detergent drawer, a particularly sensitive part of the washing machine . The 6th sense ensures perfect wash results in continuously optimizing the energy consumed the amount of water and washing time. 6TH SENSE technology recognizes the size of the load by special sensors, and automatically adjusts resources, savings up to 50% on energy, water and time. The load is continuously monitored throughout the wash cycle and ensuring optimal washing performance. Uses the natural power of steam to gently eliminate the toughest stains and sanitize the clothes, even at low temperatures. The steam injected into the drum to maintain a constant temperature for longer, thus increasing the efficiency of washing. The steam relaxes the smooth fibers and allows the detergent to penetrate more deeply into your clothes to remove the toughest stains. As recommendation I believe that whirlpool will have more market share if it produces washing machines that can be transportable, with a low load under 5kg to take it to a camping for example. Also by providing washing machines with more colors, so the customer can fit it with his interior home design and why not try to give the customer more than 1 year of warranty. Finally whirlpool should explore the market of heavy washing machines with load more than 13kg like the company LG (www.lg.com/ma, 2011) did with the LG F12588FD with 15kg of load. 2.2 Price: Like The vast majority of companies, whirlpool Maroc (whirlpool.ma, 2011) is developing Product line and use price steps. Indeed whirlpool Maroc washing machines have the price (out promotion) starting from 3949 MAD (AWE 6316, 5kg) to 11499 MAD (MAXY 13S, 13kg). As recommendation I think that whirlpool Maroc will increase it profit by following the Optional Feature Pricing(Neil H. Borden,1965), for example: decreasing the price of the washing machine but once the customer like the product, the sales assistance convince him of spending more money to get more Features such as customising the wash machine to fit the kitchen wall color or to buy a chemical treatment to clean the washing machine from outside and reducing the rate of that the washing machine get rusty . Finally I think that whirlpool Maroc will decries the prices if it build it factories in morocco and benefit from the Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factor of the country.(see appendix) 2.3Place: Whirlpool is present in 23 cities with 122 retailers such as supermarkets (MARJAN, ACIMA) and home appliances stores (BIOUGNASH, LE COMPTOIR, CRAMER) and that is covering the entire territory of morocco. However, I think that whirlpool Maroc should take in consideration the traditional markets called souk such as: derb ghalef, souk anamoudaji. 2.4Promotion: Whirlpool Maroc (whirlpool.ma, 2011) is promoting with only one spot TV a year and 5 companions presses this last 10 years about washing machine .whirlpool Maroc also launched a website (whirlpool.ma), sponsoring the woman tennis player BAHIA MOUHTASSINE, made Partnership with Helga Heidrich SOS animals foundation and HABITAT FOR HUMANITY association, and occasionally decries price of it product in some event such as week of price cut in supermarkets and home appliances stores. Observing the marketing communication of whirlpool Maroc, I think that whirlpool Maroc will have more impact and will made powerful brand awareness in the Moroccan society if whirlpool made more than 1 spot TV a year and more companion press taking in consideration on these advertising the characteristics of the Moroccan culture and society , also sponsoring other sport and Athletes such as soccer, basket ball, golf, and be more social by creating partnership with orphans association such as BAYTY and MOHAMED V foundation. In addition 2.5People: According too Whirlpool Maroc (whirlpool.ma, 2011) their employees must be creative, take risks and be modest with the customer. They are women and men of different nationalities, cultures, backgrounds and sensibilities and they bring to Whirlpool different views and work together around a common goal. Whirlpool Maroc future relies on innovative thinking and intelligent action. Whirlpool Maroc offers them the opportunity to work in multicultural teams and diverse including teamwork and mutual respect are an integral part of entrepreneurship. All that characteristics to have qualified stuff that can add value for the company and most of all satisfy the customer need with a good after sell service. In my opinion whirlpool has good relationship with the customer but it will be better if they launched a website in Arabic because according too (HCP.ma, 2011) only a minority in morocco who can speak and read French even if its our second language. 2.6Process: When I have visited MARJAN supermarket, I found that the salesman was kind and qualified also that Home Delivery was for free .but to obtain the warranty you should register your washing machine by your self in the website of whirlpool Maroc. So I suggest that it will be more efficient if the consumer can register the product in the same place not to go home and register it. 2.7Physical evidence: I liked the idea that you can test the machine before take it home. What I suggest for whirlpool Maroc is to protect the body of the washing machines with Plastic Film, because people keep hitting it with their supermarket carts. Its a picture I took in MARJAN supermarket .in the right: whirlpool MAXY 13S (13kg). In the left: LG F12588FD (15kg). V. Conclusion In conclusion I think that whirlpool Maroc has good position among it competitors ,but I think also that whirlpool Maroc has to make some effort to sustain this leadership position by introducing some factors to it marketing strategy which will add some value to the company product and have more brand awareness in the future.

Summary of KES :: essays research papers

KES Kes is a story of knowledge, of love and not just about a boy and his hawk, It shows the life of a boy from a poor family, and his struggle to get through his teenage years, a story of a boys life which was planned before he was even born. It all starts with a boy named Billy Casper, Billy is the central character in the play and some may say that he is no angel but is he really a villain? He may have nearly knocked Mr Porter of his ladder and he hits Jud when he’s drunk but all of his wrongdoings are never unprovoked, like when Jud steals Billy’s food and pushes him out the way whenever he’s in a hurry. Billy is bullied in school because of his size, as he is a lot smaller than all the other children, he is mistreated by his mother by his fellow peers and by his teachers, but not all his teachers, Mr Farthing is probably the only person that Billy trusts to be around Kes because, he understands, he understands that Billy isn’t the sharpest tool in the box and that his bird is the only thing that set’s him apart from all the other children in his school. Where many would have just given up trying to tame the bird, Billy has exceeded he is now confident enough to give a speech in front of the whole class because in his mind he is one thing that all the other boys aren’t, he is unique. The story is set in a run down Yorkshire mining town where the best job you can get is ending up down dingy old, dark shaft mining. Billy’s family is broken. Jud, mum and Billy constantly bicker and bully each other. Billy realises that most of his problems come from home and the fact that no one supports him, everything started to go wrong for Billy when his dad left and all we hear about him is that â€Å" He ere a wrong en †. There is no one to provide support for Billy –the only person who does is Mr Farthing. Billy loves Kes and she becomes part of his family. It is doubly cruel that Kes is killed by Jud, who should know how much the bird meant to Billy. Family life then is not always happy, but it’s possible to survive, yet it affects people’s behaviour and attitudes.

An Evil Cradling †Into the dark †use of language Essay

Throughout the chapter ‘Into The Dark’, Keenan goes through some distinct phases of mental states, each caused by a previous one and ultimately by his imprisonment. He uses a various range of strong descriptions to portray his condition, ideas, thoughts and impressions. The unusual syntax used throughout the chapter conveys the states of mind which he goes though, guiding the reader into the prisoner’s world. Keenan uses various techniques to convey the feeling of human degradation that he went through during the first period of his captivity. One of these is the enumeration of adjectives or nouns which communicate the misery to which he was reduced to. Such examples include the ‘old, ragged, filthy cover’ which suggest the grimy circumstances in which he had to live in. The ‘excrement, sweat, the perspiration’ emphasise this obloquy through which he goes. ‘Sweat’ and ‘perspiration’ imply oppressive heat, a sensation of lack of air. The ‘excrement’ implies that in this already oppressive space, Keenan is ‘reduced to sleeping in the smell’ of his ‘own filth’. This feeling is further emphasised by the quotation ‘†¦ squat down over it. Defecate on it. I defecate (†¦ ) and then I carefully wrap my excrement†¦ ‘ These short, blunt sentences imply that Keenan wants to describe his condition as close to reality as possible, therefore not sparing the reader from any brusque or less polite words, because he was not spared from any unpleasantness either. The enumerations suggest the plentiful reasons of his never ending human degradation and exposure to filth. Keenan described himself as ‘a bag of flesh and scrape, a heap of offal tossed unwanted in the corner of this filthy room. ‘ This portrayal of himself, of ‘flesh’ and ‘heap of offal’ is dehumanizing as it reduces him to something repulsive and purely physical, thus overlooking the details that makes him human, such as feelings, mind and judgement. He is ‘tossed in the corner’, therefore not valuable for anyone. The fact that he is thrown in a ‘filthy’ corner further emphasise his lack of value and significance. All these show how Keenan’s self esteem and dignity was crushed, and he as a person was reduced to nothing more than a worthless and abhorrent body. This conveys the extreme human degradation though which he goes. Keenan’s lack of stimuli and life are described throughout the chapter, which gives the reader and idea of the feeling of endless emptiness though which the hostages go. Referring to his urine and drinking water going ‘From bottle to bottle, through me, this fluid will daily run’, Keenan uses these endless cycles of life to symbolise the monotonous days of his captivity. The phase ‘from bottle to bottle’ and ‘though me’ suggest a continuous flow, while the word ‘daily’ informs us of the length of one standard cycle. Keenan seems to live the same tedious days over and over again, making him feel lifeless and purposeless. The syntax of his writing implies dullness, repetition and lack of life as well. The phase ‘No sound, no noise, nothing. Yet I try to force this scream. Why can I not scream? But no noise comes from me. Not even a faint echo of cry. I am full with nothing. ‘ is a very good example for this point. His sentences are very short, implying the lack of thing and stimuli to talk about. ‘Why can I not scream? ‘ is almost a rhetoric question as he has no one to get an answer from. This highlights the lack of stuff to think about. And there are some sentences which are just an enumeration of words, like ‘No sound, no noise, nothing. ‘ The repetition of ‘no’ and ‘nothing’ throughout this chapter father emphasise the lack of stimuli, as there are no objects, persons or phenomena to ponder about. In the end the narrator expresses his despair by confessing that he is ‘full with nothing’, implying his frantic need of ‘something’ that he can ‘think about’, that can occupy his brain. Due to this prolonged lack of stimuli, Keenan becomes temporarily mentally unbalanced, with his senses going out of control.

Illustrate the theme of isolation in “Of Mice and Men” by John Steinbeck Essay

In the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† which was set in the 1930’s I believe that John Steinbeck Illustrated loneliness and solitude in many places. The seclusion in those times was due to mainly discrimination and injustice. The life of a customary worker would be very difficult, therefore people worked for others on their farms. The wages were not proportional to the amount of labour and in addition the accommodation was barely habitable, this was unjust. The two focal characters George and Lennie have a sturdy bond and companionship. The other characters in the story are missing a true acquaintance and are envious of the two men. They have never before seen two men unite together like that before. All the other characters in the book are all abandoned and dejected apart from Slim. George and Lennie were wedged together through thick and thin, through good and bad and they knew they needed each other. This was revealed as George Said â€Å"Guys like us that live on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. † This meaning that if not for each other they would be like the others on the ranch, discontented and lonesome. The others on the ranch had recognised this, as their fellow workers said â€Å"Funny how you an’ him string together. † This had highlighted the unusualness of the situation and the migrant lifestyle of the 1930’s. While the whole ranch suffers from loneliness there are a few individual cases that are emphasised throughout the whole book. There are three main people in the book who suffer, Crooks, Candy and Curleys Wife. They all suffer injustice in the form of prejudice and discrimination. Candy was thought of as an outcast as he has no longer got the physical ability due to his age; and his physical disability does not help his cause. Candy had one true friend nevertheless, his dog. Once the dog was killed by Carlson, Candy was forced to seek friendship in another form. He knew that he was going to be given his marching orders shortly, as he said â€Å"they’ll call me purty soon. † While he was in the bunk house one day, he over heard George and Lennie talk about their lifelong dream. Candy decided to help George and Lennie accomplish their dreams. Candy had presented to facilitate in the form of money and manual labour. This was a move of desperation but worked as the two men accepted Candy’s offer. Candy basically tried to buy friendship, this does not always produce true friends. Crook’s a black man who faced isolation from the racist community. Crooks is not allowed to socially interact with others around him because of his colour which is similar to Lennie’s situation as Lennie was unable to interact with people due to his mental condition. Crook’s is restricted from doing customary things along side the white. He recognises how he has been treated and acts towards the white people who have affronted him how he himself is being treated. Crook’s is also an envious man. He is extremely resentful of George and Lennie’s tight friendship as Crook’s says to Lennie while in the barn together â€Å"well, s’pose, jus s’pose he don’t come back. What’ll you do then? † this was asked because Crook’s did not have any friends and did not know how it would feel to lose them unexpectedly. Knowing that Lennie was mentally ill, Crook’s decided to torture him because he wanted to ease some anger because he was discarded and unwanted by the others. Crook’s is so lonely and striving for a good life he will do anything to live peacefully.

Reality TV is a huge success to the television industry in the 1990s Essay

Reality TV is a huge success to the television industry in the 1990s. As a genre description, reality TV is widening its usage from ‘news magazine programmes based round emergency service activities’ to ‘talk shows, docusoaps’ and a variety of ‘first-person’ programmes (Creeber, 2001: 135). ‘Reality TV’ with extensive meaning becomes popular to describe ‘any factual programme based on an aesthetic style of apparent â€Å"zero-degree realism† – in other words a direct, unmediated account of events, often associated with the use of video and surveillance-imaging technologies’ (Creeber, 2001: 135). While Barnfield has criticized ‘the loose usage of the term, suggesting that over the last decade such a wide range of productions have been categorized as â€Å"Reality TV† that one wonders if the term is too general to be helpful'(Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 3). It is true that ‘reality TV’ is not explicit enough in meaning. However, it is the best word applicable to all situations and never unilateral. It gives producers more space to innovate new programmes as to prosper this genre. Reality TV evolves with the development of new technologies. New sub-genres emerged as the hybrids of established genres. It challenges traditional documentary and changes the serious content to more entertainment elements. Every format is close to everyday life to convince the audience as ‘real’ programming. In the short history of only two decades, reality TV has evolved into various formats. I will focus on five main forms which have either had a remarkable effect on television history or unprecedented audience ratings with reference to relevant representative programmes of British television. Contested Generic Identification: Definition of Reality TV It seems difficult to issue a particular definition of ‘reality TV’ to attest to debates over it. As Su Holmes and Deborah Jermyn point out: Producing a particular definition of Reality TV is nevertheless complex. This is partly because of the fundamentally hybrid nature of the forms in question. Yet it is also because of the range of programming to which the term ‘Reality TV’ has been applied, as well as the extent to which this has shifted over time with the emergence of further permutations in ‘reality-based’ texts. (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 2) Jon Dovey characterised this genre by ‘reference to the dominant and original forms of Reality TV that feature police and emergency service work’ (Dovey, 2000: 80). In his opinion, as form and construction, reality TV should be: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ camcorder, surveillance or observational ‘actuality footage’; à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ first-person participant or eye-witness testimony; à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ reconstructions that rely upon narrative fiction styles; à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ studio or to-camera links and commentary from ‘authoritative’ presenters; à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ expert statements from emergency services personnel or psychologists. (Dovey, 2000: 80) These elements are helpful in interpreting the origins of reality programmes and in understanding its sub-genres and new development. Only by bearing these elements in mind can we make reference to relevant programmes when we trace back history to discuss the evolution of reality TV. Is it American Innovation? : Historical Precedent of Reality TV There is no consensus about the first reality programme. Jon Dovey thought that ‘Reality TV is generally historically located as beginning in the US with NBC’s Unsolved Mysteries in 1987’ (Dovey, 2000: 81). While Bradley D. Clissold considered that ‘during the years that it aired, Candid Camera (US, 1948- ), arguably the first ‘Reality TV’ programme, proved itself to be one of US TV’s most memorable, enduring and popular shows’ (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 33). There is a consensus that the earliest reality programme came out in America. In addition to these mentioned above, other commentators like Richard Kilborn, Chad Raphael and Gareth Palmer all agreed with this conclusion (Kilborn, 2003: 55; Palmer, 2003: 21). In the commercial environment in America, technologies like cable, satellite and digital prospered reality programmes in television market. However, reality TV as a television genre has evolved into ‘a very strong Eurpoean form with regional variations in each country’ (Dovey). In mid-1980s, when surveillance technology such as CCTV (closed-circuit television) became accessible, Britain produced its own reality programmes, which revealed real accidents, crimes and emergencies. By using CCTV footage, these reality programmes departed from traditional documentary and were quickly accepted by the curious audience because of their witness techniques. They were real shows without actors and noted for low-cost which was attractive to most programme-makers. Among these early reality programmes, Crimewatch (BBC, 1984- ) was most influential. Jon Dovey said it ‘has been seen as central to the development of the form, particularly in respect of debates around criminology and the media’ (Creeber, 2001: 135). Deborah Jermyn, who is experienced in studying television crime appeal, commented on Crimewatch: Promoting the growth of crime-appeal programming in Britain – with a format where serious unsolved crimes are reconstructed, police and victims’ families interviewed, images of suspects publicized and the public encouraged to phone in and volunteer information – by this time the series had comfortably established itself as Britain’s foremost crime-appeal programme. (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 71) The effectiveness of Crimewatch as a detergent to crimes has been under much debate. It entertained the audience, but it was weak as a warning to the criminals. As Jermyn commented: ‘indeed some criminals have claimed that the poor-quality CCTV footage they witnessed on Crimewatch actually gave them an incentive to commit crime’ (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 82). ‘The use of CCTV conspicuously enhances the programme’s claims to authenticity and underlines its sense of a privileged relationship with real crime and actuality, qualities which programme-makers evidently believe to be ratings winners’ (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 83). In this case it is exciting for the audience to see the ‘raw’ footage without caring much about its effect of crime appeal. These early reality programmes about crime appeal, accidents and emergencies formed a new documentary format, which was the precedent of a new genre-reality TV. Later popular factual entertainment programmes are based on these elements to innovate. Their effect is remarkable in a long term. ‘Fly-Off-the-Wall’: Video Diaries Known as Access TV The 1990s was a golden era for the prevalence of reality TV. Jon Dovey points out: ‘it seems that â€Å"ordinary people†, non-professional broadcasters, have never been more present on our screens’ (Dowmunt, 1993: 163). Camera is no longer simply ‘fly-on-the-wall’ to observe and record, but closes to the object to become active ‘fly-off-the-wall’. For a long time, access TV, as new reality television, has been in a great demand. According to Jon Dovey, ‘there are some fundamental principles that identify access programming; they centre around control and power over the programme-making process’, especially ‘the authors should have control over the whole process of representation’ (Dowmunt, 1993: 165). Camcorder and video technology opened up expansive space for access TV. ‘Non-professional broadcasters’ became a leading role in making these programmes. As Patricia Holland commented on this innovative style: The video diary style, in which programmes are made with domestic video equipment by members of the public rather than by television professionals, has introduced a new way of making programmes. Low-tech, with a less polished appearance, they seem to bring the audience even closer to the realities they show. (Holland, 1997: 158) Video Diaries, produced by the BBC Community Programme Unit from 1990-1999, was a representative of access TV. From these series of programmes, Jon Dovey noted: the Unit solicits and researches ideas from potential diarists with a compelling story to tell. Once chosen, the diarist is trained in the use of an S-VHS camera and packed off to shoot their story, with support from the Unit should it be needed. In this way the diarists are given not only editorial control but also control over the means of production. They return with anything up to 200 hours of material and attend all the edit sessions, from an initial assembly which is viewed and discussed at length to the offline and online edit processes. (Dowmunt, 1993: 167) The format of Video Diaries is a development of documentary. Gareth Palmer has explained that it ‘imported the authorizing and legitimizing discourse of documentary into the personal, and in doing so it imported also documentary’s ordering principle into individual lives’ (Palmer, 2003:168). It was popular to the audience and also gained acclaim from the critics because of its flexibility in recording reality. Nevertheless there were debates that the producers had already controlled the programme by selecting the diarists, and there were also problems of quality and legality. New Observational Documentary: Emergence of Docusoap Docusoap is one form of the new observational documentary and one sub-genre of reality TV. It is a hybrid of documentary and soap-opera. It improves from serious documentary to emphasize on entertainment, especially everyday lives. ‘Developed in the UK in the mid-1990s, the docusoap enjoyed unprecedented success for roughly a four-year period (1996-2000)’ (Kilborn, 2003: 87). Docusoap combines documentary and drama. There are elements of narration, interviews and background music, and similar sequences as soap-opera. Each episode has a certain title and focuses on character, personalities, plot or situation. Technological advances promote the development of new observational documentary. New technologies like lightweight cameras, ‘portable sound equipment’ and ‘non-linear editing system’ accelerate editing process with better quality and effect. Besides, financial benefits also attract producers to choose new technologies. ‘As Paul Hamann has commented, docusoaps already cost on average only a third of the price of the equivalent in light entertainment or sitcoms’ (Bruzzi, 2000: 77). The entertainment factor of docusoap makes it popular with audience. Driving School ‘peaked at 12.45 million’ viewers (Bruzzi, 2000: 86). It ‘focused on the trials and tribulations of people preparing for their driving test’ (Kilborn, 2003: 96). Compared to the core character of reality TV, docusoap is blamed to be less factual with aesthetic reconstruction. According to Bruzzi: The sequence most frequently cited is that in which Maureen Rees, on the eve of another attempt at her theory exam, wakes in the middle of the night and asks her husband Dave to test her on the Highway Code. The sequence is a reconstruction, and Jeremy Gibson (head of BBC Television Features, Bristol) and others have gone on record exonerating themselves from blame, commenting that, having gleaned that Maureen did get up at night ghrough panic, it was perfectly legitimate to recreate such a sequence without the film crew having to camp out in her bedroom for an entire night. (Bruzzi, 2000: 87) The producers’ intervention revealed obvious dramatic skills, which aimed at telling a complete story. In any case, under these circumstances one can never expect a totally natural performance from the character with the presence of camera. These factors make docusoap not so ‘real’, but the audience appreciate it for the entertainment value and these factors do not affect their enjoyment. However, by the end of 1990s, this new documentary format had gradually lost its popularity. Critics and executives of TV channels began to complain the similar content with in the same format between series. It was also blamed as a challenge of ‘serious’ documentary. Then new factual programmes emerged and replaced docusoap in TV schedules. Docusoap is remembered as a creative hybrid of documentary and fiction with high ratings in the history of reality TV. Serve the Public: Prevalence of Lifestyle Lifestyle is another sub-genre of reality TV, of which BBC has been one of the biggest providers (Gareth Palmer; Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 173). It originated in the 1990s and is still popular today. It occupies a large part of TV schedule, shown usually in the daytime and prime time. There is ‘a series of choices in dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor (House Invaders [Bazal for BBC1, 1999-2002], Changing Rooms [Bazal for BBC1, 1996- ]), clothes (What Not To Wear [BBC2, 1999- ]) and manner (Would Love To Meet [WLTM, BBC2, 2001-3])’ (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 174). People now have strong sense that they are citizens and consumers. They are eager to improve their lives. Many are glad to show their private life in front of camera. For habitus, Gareth Palmer commented: ‘Britain is a nation of homeowners clutching close the belief that the home represents a sort of castle. Hence, it makes sense to produce programmes aimed at the house-proud’ (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 179). For fashion, according to Palmer, ‘in looking at fashion programming we come closer to seeing how the individual should ideally be styled according to the new class of experts’ (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 181). There is a debate as to whether fashion shows need be bitchy. Palmer has an interesting opinion: ‘fashion without bitchery, like academia without snobbery, is inconceivable’ (Holmes and Jermyn, 2004: 184). Bitchery makes fashion programming as amusement. It does happen frequently in our life, which is a factual element of lifestyle. Lifestyle programming is an innovation that television is not only observing people’s life, but also changing people’s way of life. It ‘serves the audience’ by giving instructions, which is the nature of European television, compared to ‘marketing the audience’ of American commercial television (Ang, 1991). Lifestyle is a good illustration how culture affects social life. New Interactive Reality Show: World Success of Big Brother Endemol’s ‘jewel in the crown’, Big Brother was thirty months in development and was the brainchild of co-principal, John de Mol. First broadcast on Veronica in 1999 and an immense ratings success, the programme has been adapted in over eighteen territories in Western Europe, the UK, the US and elsewhere. (Albert Moran, the Global Television Format Trade; Hilmes, 2003: 120) Big Brother, a new reality programme is based on established genres such as game show, quiz show, documentary and soap opera. It is a social experiment, in which we witness the reaction of the participants to their new environment and changing circumstances are often beyond their control. With the feature of game show, Big Brother sets its game rules as: The programme involved ten housemates interned together over a ten-week period in a specially designed hermetically sealed environment. The housemates were supplied with food and drink and had access to all amenities, but were isolated from all contact with the media and the outside world; there were no television sets, radios, newspapers. Every week each housemate had to nominate for eviction two fellow-contestants; the two with the highest number of nominations would then be subject to public voting. It was the role of the public to select, by telephone vote, which of the two was to survive. By the final week there would be only two housemates remaining the winner was decided by the public, and took away a cheque for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½70,000. (Palmer, 2003: 182) From the above description, it is obvious that this programme innovatively uses interactive voting. The audiences have opportunities to join the programme and play a crucial role in deciding the result. In early 1990s, Mike Wayne criticized programmes at that time: ‘broadcasters and programme makers have paid relatively little attention to the way in which people watch television. They have been concerned with how many people see a programme, rather than the way audiences interact with the images on the screen: what they absorb, what they challenge and what they discard’ (Hood, 1994: 43). It seems that Big Brother answers all these criticisms. Compared to the audience, the participants are powerless to control the programme. They are observed at all times and their lives are exposed to the public. ‘We’ve been looking at the housemates through the eyes of thirty-one unforgiving cameras – we have seen them at their best and also at their worst’ (Ritchie, 2001: 279). What they need is just to relax and enjoy their time. ‘For all of them, without exception, it has been an amazing experience. They have learned a great deal about themselves, and the rest of us have learned not just lots about them, but also about human nature in general’ (Ritchie, 2001: 279). However, all the participants are under much pressure exposing their lives to millions of audience. There is probably some negative effect on the psychology of most participants. Gareth Palmer calls the programme ‘a psychological experiment’. Programme experience is not always as wonderful as Ritchie’s comment in the above paragraph. In Sweden there was a suicide of a participant on a similar programme (Palmer, 2003: 185). So in Big Brother ‘a team of mental health professionals will oversee both the selection process and the psychological well being of the participants while they are in the house’ (Palmer, 2003: 185). Big Brother creates a small society for the housemates away from the outside world. There are conflicts and also friendship. The participants are competitors and also partners. As the audience watch the trivia of their daily routine, the voiceover commentary helps them understand the situations. Big Brother, a hybrid of different forms with popular interactive elements, is a new format of reality TV. It is leading a new trend of reality programming. Many independent television production companies are professional and experienced in making these new reality shows. Channel 4 and ITV, such non-mainstream commercial channels have shown many this kind of reality programmes. The audience are looking forward to more innovation of reality TV. BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, R. C. and Hill, A. (2004) the Television Studies Reader, London: Routledge Ang, I. (1991) Desperately Seeking the Audience, London: Roughtledge Bruzzi, S. (2000) New Documentary: A Critical Introduction, London: Routledge Creeber, G., Miller, T. and Tulloch, J. (2001) the Television Genre Book, London: British Film Institute Dovey, J. 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